Photograph every room, detail mouldings, and sketch floor plans. Label hardware as it’s removed, store fragments, and log paint layers. A 1920s bungalow we studied revealed four wallpapers under later gypsum; that record guided conservation, saved costs, and inspired a palette homeowners still cherish.
Write intentions early: warmer winters, safer wiring, accessible entries, healthier air. Then test each desire against character-defining elements. When a client wanted open-plan drama, we kept pocket doors functional, widened openings subtly, and retained plaster cove transitions, preserving rhythm while achieving flow and daylight.
Add insulation where moisture can escape: vented attics with careful baffles, or unvented roofs using vapor-open assemblies like wood fiberboard. Avoid spray foams that trap humidity against old rafters. A 1912 Craftsman gained eight degrees of winter warmth after cellulose, yet retained open eaves and cedar soffits.
Target big leaks first: chimney gaps, attic hatches, and basement rim joists. Use gaskets and removable seals rather than caulk on delicate trim. After weatherstripping a Queen Anne, drafts vanished, but stained glass, transoms, and operable shutters continued working, keeping nighttime ventilation and summer breezes delightful.
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